Harvey Norman Case Study Essay Example For Students

Harvey Norman Case Study Essay Official Summary HN (Harvey Norman) (set up in 1982) is perceived as one of the most proficient organizations in Australia at showcasing their items overwhelmingly with respect to information and the execution of their Marketing Plan and the need in consistently screen the viability of the advertising plan. The job of promoting is to associate a business with their shopper and the potential or future client base. The job of showcasing in HN is an immense piece of its example of overcoming adversity. Situational Analysis As at 31 December 2009, there were 195 diversified edifices all through Australia. They have additionally quickly extended their seaward markets in the course of recent years, there are 70 organization possessed stores situated in New Zealand (31 stores), Republic of Ireland (14 stores), Malaysia (6 stores) and Slovenia (3 stores). The Global economy has endured a serious downturn toward the start of 2009 which has added to HN’s emotional misfortune. In light of this HN should alter its promoting plan trying to draw in clients to their organizations. SWOT Analysis StrengthsWeaknesses *Brand name in Australia, most likely the best in Australia * The organization is over dependent on its Chairman, Gerry Harvey *The organization keeps on acclimating to suit showcase changes * Lack of autonomy on the board, wrong choices could be made. OpportunitiesThreats *There will be a lot more varieties of shopper and office * If Gerry Harvey chooses to step down Equipment that will be available in the years ahead * Bad exposure over estimating and advertising Diagram)HN is †Business declined 40% between 30th June 2008 †30th June 2009 To address the company’s misfortunes, it intends to survey the cosmetics of the directorate the same number of them have been there for over 15 years. The property advancement business and quick track presentation of a full scale internet shopping technique over the brands. Building up Marketing Objectives HN’s fundamental objective like numerous organizations is benefit. Its point is to giv e a palatable offer profit and produces enough benefit for the organizations development. Expanded piece of the overall industry †¢ Decreased working expense †¢ Increased number of clients †¢ Increased client assistance †¢ Long term endurance of the business †¢ Change item blend †¢ Promote change in item blend Identifying Target Markets HN portions its business sectors to offer an increasingly close to home support to every one of its clients. Market division permits HN to: *Better address the issues of every one of its clients and subsequently contend all the more viably in the commercial center. HN is fragmented into three brand names: *HN †structured explicitly for the rural family. Domayne †commonly focused on the single individual, void nesters families living in extravagance homes and condos *Joyce Mayne †focused on the deal trackers and low salary families HN screens the internet based life systems, for example, Facebook and Twitte r for input from their clients on brands and items which causes them better comprehend their business sectors and in this manner furnish their clients with what they need. Creating Marketing Strategies HN has built up the accompanying systems: †¢ amended down its anticipated benefits quick track online store and make them work inside 5 years across Harvey Norman brands †¢ Gerry Harvey will actually work with the examiners in the following 6 - a year to address the worries in regards to his property the board business. Item †¢ Aust. Shoppers biggest spenders on the most recent items †¢ Eg. Blue ray players are presently found in numerous homes †¢ Social impact( new home amusement wonder. A few purposes behind this social change could be an aftereffect of the accompanying: o Higher pressure looked in the work place Increase in road and trivial wrongdoing o The significant expense of diversion o The expansion in working families ? The aftereffect of these socia l changes is that numerous individuals presently want to remain at home for their amusement. Value HN utilizes a few sorts of evaluating ideas: Price skimming: applied to new items that are appealing and which has practically zero rivalry Penetration estimating: charging a low value at first to produce high volume deals and addition piece of the pie. .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 , .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 .postImageUrl , .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 , .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186:hover , .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186:visited , .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186:active { border:0!important; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186:active , .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8 186 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uaffead4a25047b452e2f5501441b8186:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Parapsychology EssayPromotional valuing: brief decrease in cost on various items on offer Competitive estimating: in light of the fact that HN has an enormous portion of the market they are â€Å"price leaders† and different organizations tail them Credit terms: utilizing autonomous Finance Companies which can likewise offer premium free periods Rental of specific items as opposed to buying e. g. PCs Promotion There are a few different ways that HN elevates items to the shopper. †¢ TV and Radio promoting †¢ Newspaper Advertising High Quality reflexive handouts embedded in papers and letterboxes †¢ Low spending pamphlets e mbedded in papers and letterboxes †¢ In-store retail location openings Place HN stores are situated as Retail Stores over a few urban zones of urban areas where his objective markets can helpfully get to them. The Stores in all HN brands have their items assembled in Departments (e. g. Television and PCs and so forth) so clients can without much of a stretch access and think about the item go. Usage, Monitoring Controlling As the economy is in a mess, it is significant that HN continually screen their promoting methodologies. The usage stage is very troublesome, particularly as unanticipated circumstances may emerge that put in risk the achievement of the whole advertising arrangement. HN utilizes the accompanying apparatuses to screen their presentation. *Financial Forecast †Financial expectations can be made utilizing past deals information, factual models, spending plans and reviews. *Controlling †Comparing their genuine outcomes with those arranged permits them to see their qualities and shortcomings. Changing Strategies †If Harvey Norman isn't content with its position and results, it will reexamine their showcasing procedures so the advertising targets can be accomplished. End Harvey Norman will actualize the systems and watch the accompanying †¢ More items will mean more clients can purchase and subsequently more piece of the pie and benefit. †¢ Harvey Norman will keep o n giving great characteristics and brands at an assortment of costs to focus on every possible market. They will keep on advancing their items with web advancements, exposure and publicizing and make a name and enthusiasm for the organization. Their anticipated online deals office will give more noteworthy comfort to their clients and gives most extreme benefit to Harvey Norman and this element will just improve with time. Because of their systems, Harvey Norman will alter their item blend which will produce an expansion in piece of the pie and benefit. Harvey Norman will have the option to keep on restoring a decent profit to its investors just as keep on keeping up development as a fruitful, productive and unrivaled business.

Exploratory essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exploratory - Essay Example I have taken data from other essential and optional assets to show that utilization of natural food has more points of interest to human wellbeing, the earth and the economy than utilization of GM food; yet before I had amassed this information, I was at that point of the assessment that expending natural food is better that devouring GM food. This view was framed by my very own understanding; I had bought some GM strawberries and despite the fact that they were huge and glanced immaculate in appearance when contrasted with the littler and strangely formed natural strawberries, they were dull contrasted with the better natural strawberries. I had likewise realized that natural food doesn't utilize synthetic compounds, for example, pesticides or alter the qualities of food just like the case with GM food, so I accepted that eating natural food would be a lot more secure. Despite the fact that this appears to be a one-sided see, I conducted the examination and inspected numerous articl es on both GM and natural food to see whether my assumptions about the advantages of natural food were valid. The data I found did really substantiate my presumptions about natural and GM food, thus, my exploration question remains that expending natural food is more invaluable in light of the fact that it tastes better than, is more earth agreeable than, is more secure to human wellbeing than, and greater at advancing nearby economy than, utilization of GM food. 1. Section 2: What I have adapted so far about my subject (the inquiry). 2. Chait, n.p Chait, Jennifer. 8 Reasons Why Consumers Should Buy Organic Food.Http://organic.about.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 July 2013. . 3. Natural food is better than GM food since eating it is scrumptious, safe and doesn't contain any synthetic concoctions. Likewise, its creation limits hazard to the earth, since it doesn't dirty water bodies like creation of GM food does, and neither does its cultivating procedures bring about soil disintegration a nd harm to the land. 4. (a) Chait shows that not exclusively is utilization of natural food

How Correlational Studies Are Used in Psychology

How Correlational Studies Are Used in Psychology Student Resources Study Guides and Tips Print How Correlational Studies Are Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 04, 2019 More in Student Resources Study Guides and Tips APA Style and Writing Careers A correlation refers to a relationship between two variables. Correlations can be strong or weak, as well as positive or negative. In other cases, there might be no correlation at all between the variables of interest. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell How Correlational Studies Work Correlational studies are a type of research often used in psychology as a preliminary way to gather information about a topic or in situations where performing an experiment is not possible. The correlational method involves looking at relationships between two or more variables. While researchers can use correlations to see if a relationship exists, the variables themselves are not under the control of the researchers. Another point is that while correlational research can reveal if a relationship exists between variables, this kind of research cannot prove that changes to one variable lead to changes to another variable. In other words, correlational studies cannot prove cause-and-effect relationships.  Correlational methods have a number of strengths and weaknesses, so its important to determine which research method is best for a particular situation. The Purpose of Correlational Research There are three possible results of a correlational study: a positive correlation, a negative correlation, and no correlation. The correlation coefficient is a measure of the correlation strength and can range from â€"1.00 to 1.00. Here are the definitions of the three results: Positive correlations: In this type of correlation, both variables increase or decrease at the same time. A correlation coefficient close to 1.00 indicates a strong positive correlation.Negative correlations: This type of correlation indicates that as the amount of one variable increases, the other decreases (and vice versa). A correlation coefficient close to -1.00 indicates a strong negative correlation.No correlation: This indicates no relationship between the two variables. A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no correlation. Limitations of Correlational Studies While correlational research can suggest that there is a relationship between two variables, it cannot prove that one variable causes a change in another variable. In other words, correlation does not equal causation. For example, a correlational study might suggest that there is a relationship between academic success and self-esteem, but it cannot show if academic success actually causes changes in self-esteem. Other variables might play a role, including social relationships, cognitive abilities, personality, socioeconomic status, and myriad other factors. Types of Correlational Research There are three types of correlational research, including: Naturalistic Observation: This method involves observing and recording the variables of interest in the natural environment without interference or manipulation by the experimenter.The Survey Method:  Surveys and questionnaires are among the most common methods used in psychological research. In this method, a  random sample  of participants completes a survey, test, or questionnaire that relates to the variables of interest. Random sampling is a vital part of ensuring the generalizability of the survey results.Archival Research:  This type of research is performed by analyzing studies conducted by other researchers or by looking at historical patient records. For example, researchers analyzed the records of soldiers who served in the Civil War to learn more about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an experiment known as  The Irritable Heart. Advantages and Disadvantages of Naturalistic Observation Advantages of naturalistic  observation include: Gives the experimenter the opportunity to view the variable of interest in a natural settingCan offer ideas for further researchMight be the only option if lab experimentation is not possible Disadvantages of naturalistic observation include: Can be time-consuming and expensiveDoes not allow for scientific control of variablesExperimenters cant control extraneous variablesSubjects may be aware of the observer and may act differently as a result Advantages and Disadvantages of the Survey Method Advantages of the survey method include: Fast, cheap, and easyâ€"researchers can collect large amounts of data in a relatively short amount of timeMore flexible than some other methods Disadvantages of the survey method include: Can be affected by an unrepresentative sample or poor survey questionsParticipants can affect the outcomeâ€"some participants try to please the researcher, lie to make themselves look better, or have mistaken memories Advantages and Disadvantages of Archival Research Advantages of archival research include: The experimenter cannot introduce changes in participant behaviorEnormous amounts of data provide a better view of trends, relationships, and outcomesOften less expensive than other study methodsâ€"researchers can often access data through free archives or records databases Disadvantages of archival research include: The researchers have no control over how data was collectedImportant dates may be missing from the recordsPrevious research may be unreliable

Qué es la expulsión inmediata o deportación rápida

La expulsià ³n inmediata, tambià ©n conocida como deportacià ³n exprà ©s o fast-track permite a las autoridades migratorias expulsar a un migrante de EE.UU. sin que se presente ante un juez y defienda su caso en corte. Con fecha del 22 de julio de 2019, el gobierno de EE.UU. ha autorizado a ICE a deportar siguiendo este mà ©todo a cualquier indocumentado que se encuentre en cualquier punto de Estados Unidos que no pueda demostrar que lleva mà ¡s de 2 aà ±os viviendo continuamente en el paà ­s. Esto es un cambio de lo que se venà ­a aplicando, ya que hasta este momento lo mà ¡s comà ºn era aplicar la expulsià ³n inmediata, conocida en inglà ©s como expedited removal, a los detenidos en la frontera o arrestados en los 15 dà ­as siguientes a su ingreso y en 100 millas de distancia de la frontera. Causas de  expulsià ³n inmediata o expedited removal Las situaciones en las que se puede ordenar una expulsià ³n inmediata son dos: El extranjero no tiene la documentacià ³n adecuada.  El extranjero ha tergiversado, falseado o presentado informacià ³n falsa para lograr o intentar conseguir un documento, la entrada en EEUU, u otro beneficio bajo las leyes de Inmigracià ³n. En este punto entran situaciones muy distintas, como hacerse pasar por otra persona, se tiene intencià ³n de emigrar a Estados Unidos y se obtuvo una visa de turista diciendo que sà ³lo se querà ­a pasear, etc. Si esta es la causa, las consecuencias pueden ser muy serias. Desde el punto de vista tà ©cnico, son las inadmisibilidades 212(a)(6)(c) -por informacià ³n tergiversada o falsa o lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como material misrepresentation  y la 212 (a)(7).   La expulsià ³n inmediata y dà ³nde se aplica Originalmente, la expulsià ³n inmediata sà ³lo se aplicaba en la frontera. A partir de 2004 se aplicà ³ a aquellas personas que se encuentren hasta 100 millas de cualquier frontera  y que no puedan demostrar que llevan mà ¡s de 14 dà ­as continuos en el paà ­s. A partir de estos momentos ICE tiene autorizacià ³n para deportar siguiendo este procedimiento rà ¡pido sin necesidad de pasar por Corte a todos los migrantes que no puedan demostrar dos aà ±os seguidos de presencia en EE.UU. La nueva polà ­tica aplica a lo largo y ancho del paà ­s. Aunque en principio los canadienses y los mexicanos no pueden ser expulsados inmediatamente, a menos que tengan un rà ©cord de violaciones migratorias o un historial criminal, en la prà ¡ctica es muy frecuente que los mexicanos indocumentados detectados tras cruzar la frontera sean retornados  voluntariamente. Excepciones: quià ©nes no pueden ser expulsados inmediatamente en la frontera No pueden ser deportados mediante expulsià ³n inmediata; los menores  los residentes legales las personas que piden asilo y pasan una entrevista miedo de persecucià ³n creà ­ble Consecuencias de una deportacià ³n fast-track Una vez que se es expulsado, no podrà ¡ regresar a EEUU por un periodo de cinco aà ±os. Ademà ¡s, es posible que a ese castigo puede que se tenga que sumar el de la causa de  inadmisibilidad. Por ejemplo, si se intentà ³ ingresar con una visa falsa habrà ¡ el castigo de la expulsià ³n y el de la falsedad. En casos especà ­ficos es posible pedir un perdà ³n, conocido como waiver. Pero tener en cuenta que en muchos casos tendrà ­an que pedirse dos: uno por la expulsià ³n  y otro por la causa de inadmisibilidad. En todo caso, consultar con un abogado ya que los perdones no son fà ¡ciles de obtener. Otras situaciones que se pueden producir en una frontera de EEUU Ya que son frecuentes las expulsiones en la frontera a continuacià ³n se detallan otras situaciones que pueden darse en la misma: Se le dice al extranjero que se vaya. Esto sà ³lo sucede si se llega a pie o en auto. Son casos excepcionales y, en realidad, muy beneficiosos para la persona. Ejemplo, si se està ¡ casado con un ciudadano americano y se està ¡ en un proceso de ajuste de estatus  y se sale de EEUU y cuando se quiere regresar no se tiene en mano el advance parole porque se ha olvidado. En este caso la persona debe irse, buscar su documento y proceder a ingresar con toda la documentacià ³n en regla. Se da un parole. Es decir, se le deja entrar pero tiene que seguir una tramitacià ³n para poner al dà ­a la situacià ³n. Retirada de la aplicacià ³n Conocida como withdawal of application,  en inglà ©s). Aquà ­ el inspector de Inmigracià ³n autoriza al extranjero a retirar su peticià ³n de admisià ³n a los Estados Unidos. Se tendrà ¡ que regresar a su paà ­s,  pero no hay expulsià ³n inmediata  (lo cual es una gran ventaja porque como se ha dicho la expulsià ³n acarrea un castigo de cinco aà ±os). En los casos de retirada de la aplicacià ³n se puede  solicitar una visa al consulado. Puede que no la apruebe, pero se sabrà ¡ mà ¡s de la razà ³n y cuà ¡l es el problema. (Puede ser algo tan simple como que no se puede probar satisfactoriamente que no hay intencià ³n de emigrar a Estados Unidos,trabajar sin los debidos papeles,  de tener lazos econà ³micos y familiares suficientemente fuertes en el paà ­s de residencia,  etc).   Por lo tanto, si a una persona no le dejan ingresar a EEUU lo primero que debe hacer es saber si fue expulsada o si es un caso de retirada de la aplicacià ³n.  Para ello mirar el pasaporte o/y la copia de un documento que posiblemente se ha firmado. Caso especial del Programa de exencià ³n de visa  (Visa Waiver Program, en inglà ©s) Los ciudadanos de paà ­ses en ese programa, entre los que se encuentran chilenos y espaà ±oles, pueden entrar como turistas o en visita de negocios en EEUU por un mà ¡ximo de 90 dà ­as sin necesidad de pedir una visa. Si no salen del paà ­s al transcurrir los tres meses habrà ¡n violado su estatus migratorio y podrà ­an  ser deportados sin audiencia judicial y sin derecho a apelacià ³n. En otras palabras, pueden ser objeto de una expulsià ³n inmediata. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Inclusion Of Children With Disabilities - 885 Words

Inclusion, known as the act of including or being included within a group or structure. In today s world the act of inclusion within the classroom is becoming more and more well known in most schools. This could be the act of including a child with special needs or even a child where their second language is English. As recent as a hundred years ago, children with disabilities received little, if any, formal education. In the tradition of segregating students during the middle to late 19th century. Special schools for those with special needs continued to be created in the early 1900s. These schools claimed to educate children; however, they primarily served as residential facilities and institutions. Even in 1918, as states began creating a nationwide public school system, children with disabilities were usually excluded. Between 1850 and 1950 classes were created for people to learn how care for individuals with disabilities. Parents of kids with special needs began to make program s and schools for their kids. Even though these came up it was still more well known for parents to send their kids to a residential facility. With them believing that was still the best thing to do. In the Rehabilitation act of 1973 educational rights were guaranteed to federal funded institutions. Then the IDEA was the first things to have education be provided in the least restrictive environment, the same school. Although still rare in many school districts, real special education inclusionShow MoreRelatedInclusion For Children With Disabilities1947 Words   |  8 Pagesand accepted. Inclusion is all around us and it is commonly unnoticed. From an educational perspective, inclusion refers to the idea of placing students with disabilities in general education classes or other school activities (Hallahan, Kauffman, Pullen, 2015). Early childhood education has been trying to incorporate inclusion in numerous ways, along with all other education. Integrated classrooms are very pop ular and has changed education drastically. Just like everything, inclusion in educationRead MoreInclusion For Children With Disabilities2553 Words   |  11 Pages Children with disabilities are among the most vulnerable and most excluded in the world. Their rights are often violated. These children are often hidden at home or placed in special institutions. As a result, these children are missing out on education. They grow up apart from their families and their parents fear that their children with disabilities will be mocked. Parents also fear that they will not have a chance to take part in society. Inclusion is complete acceptance of all students. LovingRead MoreInclusion Of Children With Disabilities1979 Words   |  8 PagesInclusion means that every child regardless of their abilities or background are able to play, interact, connect and learn as one. Every single child is valued, supported and provided access to equal opportunities like any other child as well as being involved in learning experiences. The label ‘inclusion’ has traditionally been used to describe bringing children with disabilities into regular settings rather than placing them in ‘special’ facilities’ (Connor, 2006, p8). Inclusion of children whoRead More Inclusion of Children with Disabilities Essay3009 Words   |  13 PagesInclusion of Children with Disabilities Along with many other topics of special education, the topic of inclusion has been surrounded by uncertainty and controversy for as long as the concept has been around. This controversy may stem from the fact that inclusion is expensive and experts disagree about how much time disabled students should spend in regular classrooms (Cambanis, 2001). Although this topic is controversial, it cannot be ignored. Inclusion will, at some point, affect 1% ofRead MoreInclusion Education For Children With Disabilities3055 Words   |  13 Pagesgive an insight into what inclusion education is, and the way in which a target school relates inclusion to their students. It will focus upon Asperger s within the school, and show how Asperger s is treated to ensure inclusion is met. The assignment will argue the policies set in place and, with the literature review, will source findings and compare them with the schools ethos. Introduction The earliest legislation and act brought about that acknowledged a disability within the UK came aboutRead MoreInclusion, The Educational Practice Of Children With Disabilities1728 Words   |  7 PagesInclusion, the educational practice of instructing children with disabilities as well as children without disabilities in one classroom, is a very controversial topic regarding the education of students in today’s society. â€Å"Inclusion seeks to establish collaborative, supportive, and nurturing communities of learners that are based on giving all students the services and accommodations they need to learn, as well as respecting and learning from each other’s individual differences† (Salend 5). TheRead MoreEducational Framework For Inclusion Of Children With Disabilities1994 Words   |  8 Pagesthe definition of disability will be considered followed by a discussion of the historical context of the terminology used. Second, research is presented to show how th e government of Canada view and plan for individuals with impairments. Support for inclusion of children with disabilities in public settings will be examined. Third, typical language acquisition and socio-emotional development will be presented to examine the learning process of children with and without disabilities. Fourth, once autismRead MoreInclusion Is The Educational Practice Of Educating Children With Disabilities819 Words   |  4 PagesInclusion is the educational practice of educating children with disabilities in the classroom with children without disabilities. In the past, people believed that children with disabilities were not capable of learning. This thought process hindered children with disabilities from being included in the general education population. After the ruling of Brown v Board of Education, families with children with disabilities began to fight for the rights of their children. Various families believed thatRead MoreParties Against Full Inclusion F or Children With Disabilities Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesFull Inclusion According to the latest figures available from Data Accountability Center, U.S. Department of Education, 2,415,564 students were identified as having a Specific Learning Disability in the Fall of 2010 (â€Å"Full Inclusion†). With the severity of the number of individuals with disabilities in the school system, the controversy of the best way to support them arises. One of the solutions of this controversy is the issue of full inclusion. Those opposed to the idea of full inclusion fearRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Inclusion For Special Education Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthe pros and cons of inclusion for Special Education children. By definition, Inclusion rejects the use of special schools or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities. Special Education is a topic that is important, even though people may not realize how important it is for the fact that they don’t understand what goes into Special Education for children in schools. â€Å"Negative beliefs many people have about individuals with disabilities may often be based

Paleoneurology and the evolution of mind Free Essays

What is â€Å" intelligence † ? What is â€Å" biologically programmed behaviour † ? How make these behavioral forms associate to other facets of the biological science of the animate beings that possess them, and to their generative biological science in peculiar? How does intelligence associate to learned behaviour and more specifically, to human civilization? â€Å" Biologically programmed behaviour ‘ explains most, but non all, non-mammal craniate behaviour. Early surveies of non-mammal craniates characterized behavior as â€Å" replete † -a term that suggested that such behaviours are fixed and changeless. Later surveies documented both a grade of flexibleness and the ability to larn new behavioural forms by non-mammal craniates. We will write a custom essay sample on Paleoneurology and the evolution of mind or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such surveies have besides shown that mammals, in general, have a greater repertory of erudite behaviours than earlier craniates. â€Å" Biologically programmed behavior † is, hence, better understood as a scope of programmed behaviours which have increased unusually with the development of the mammal biological composite. The neurological footing for learned behaviour and intelligence are, in big portion, due to alterations in the generative system. Internal fertilisation foremost occurred in the development of reptilians. In the development of placental mammals, there was non merely internal fertilisation, but besides embryological development in utereo. Such a generative system provides a footing for the animate being to turn into a developed province before holding to confront the external universe. Placentation, a female parent ‘s ability to provide foods and O to a developing embryo, is non without disadvantages ; in animate beings such as the higher Primatess, the female parent ‘s blood watercourse and the developing embryo blood watercourse have a close connexion with the placenta. In many placental mammals, there is a instead non-porous membrane, which separates the maternal blood stream from the embryologic blood stream, while leting foods to go through. If there is major mutant i n the embryo, which is reflected in the embryologic blood watercourse, the female parent ‘s blood stream will non interact with the mutant and will non bring forth antibodies, which would kill the embryo. In the higher Primatess, this membrane is much more permeable and much more efficient in the transmittal of foods. A disadvantage is that any major embryologic mutant, which is reflected in the embryologic blood stream, will bring forth antibodies against the mutant ; this usually consequences in self-generated abortion or abortion. Uterine development has helped mammals insure the greater success of their progeny. The mammalian endurance scheme is known as the â€Å" K scheme, † and it is based upon a high parental investing in specie endurance. Fostering a smaller figure of offspring ensures a higher per centum of those offspring will make generative adulthood. A decrease in birth figure is associated with birth of unrecorded immature in most mammals. This scheme is different from the craniate â€Å" R scheme, † where the parent produces a big figure of eggs, which when fertilized produce a big figure of immature. The difference in these two endurance schemes can be supported by the different attitudes toward decease. In worlds ( and other mammals ) decease of immature mammals is a serious injury ; in vertebrates the decease of a hatchling is the regulation of nature, and endurance is the exclusion. The stimulation -response cringle characterizes much of the behaviour of earlier craniates. A centripetal input comes into the craniate encephalon, which is linked to a stereotype motor end product. A celebrated illustration of â€Å" biologically programmed behaviour † is the generative behaviour of the three-spined Stickleback of the Rhine/North Sea. An external event triggers a series of biologically linked behaviours, which consequences in successful reproduction. As spring occurs in North Sea, there is more daylight. This stimulates the pineal secretory organ of the female, which, in bend, signals the hypothalamus, which produces a neurotransmitting chemical to the pituitary secretory organ. This in bend consequences in the secernment of pituitary endocrines, which stimulates the ovaries to bring forth 1000s of eggs. This gives the female a swollen belly and is a â€Å" mark stimulation † to the male prickleback. In response, the male does a â€Å" zigzag dance, à ¢â‚¬  which is referred to as a â€Å" fixed action form. † The dance, in bend, acts as a mark stimulation to the female, who follows the male to the nest, and through an extra series of gestural stimulations and fixed action forms, moves through the nest to lodge the eggs. The male so passes over the eggs with sperm. Natural choice favours the keeping of these neurological tracts in the males and females because they successfully function to bring forth fertilisation ; to set it the other manner, if a female has a neurological alteration where she would non acknowledge the zigzag dance, she will non be able to reproduce. In a series of experiments, Tinbergen and his pupils were able to demo that the conceited abdomen of the female prickleback is the originating mark stimulation. Raising male prickleback in entire isolation, they introduced them into the H2O with both populating females every bit good as with metal lineations of females with conceited abdomens. Regardless ( and even when the lineation of the female was grossly distorted ) , the males produced the zigzag dance. It was â€Å" hardwired † in their nature. Individual animate beings, hence, have small direct input in altering behavioural sequences. Once the female has laid her eggs, and they have been fertilized, that represents the terminal of parental investing. It is non difficult to see how clime or other alteration can quickly stop an full species that relies on biologically programmed behaviour for reproduction. The absence of daytime for a individual spring in the North Sea would intend the terminal of prickleback reproduction. Young mammals are born incapacitated and dependent, and they go through a drawn-out babyhood and young person of fostering wholly dependent on grownup coevals. Because the parental investing of mammals is the attention of really little figure of offspring, the duty falls chiefly on females. There was besides an development of mammary secretory organs for this postal nurturing period. During this clip of weakness, the animate being has the freedom to detect the universe, while being feed and protected. This generative system of mammals, hence, allows the mammal intellectual cerebral mantle to integrate and internalise the sensory patterns the animate being has experienced. The animate being is utilizing intelligence -the â€Å" ability to build a perceptual theoretical account of the universe inside your caput † ( Jerison ) . The mammal encephalon has developed into a construction, which provided the footing for both learned behaviour and intelligence. The function of the encephalon is to enforce a theoretical account of the universe on centripetal informations, and supply appropriate responses to it. This is non an wholly new development ; it represents an development of the intellectual cerebral mantle as a go-between between perceptual experience and response ( motor end product ) , and the integrating of input from an acute auditory sensory system. Learned behaviour and intelligence are non the same. Learned behaviour is the ability of an animate being to screen through a assortment of possible behavioural results, and choice which behaviour is appropriate. When driving a auto, for illustration, an person has to pick when it is appropriate to turn right at a ruddy visible radiation. Learned behaviour is portion of the mammal form, but it is differentially distributed ; worlds have an tremendous ability for erudite behaviour, compared to the limited degrees of other mammals. The cardinal account is the intellectual cerebral mantle. Choice behaviour is located in the frontal lobe. Worlds have the greatest ability to detect, compose, and internalise many complicated theoretical accounts of the encompassing universe. Intelligence and learned behaviour are necessary for worlds to keep a societal world over the long-run. In the words of Ward Goodenough, â€Å" civilization is the criterions of behaviour learned and understood by members of a society. Not all members of the society learn the same set or scope of criterions, and this distinguishes the rank is a assorted sub-groups of the society. † The ability of mammal immature, during socialisation, to larn the behaviours appropriate for endurance in their environment and in cooperation within societal groups, is basically the ability to obtain civilization. This ability distinguishes these mammals from the â€Å" difficult wired † biologically programmed behaviour of non-mammals. There are many mammals that are lone ( i.e. a cat ) , and they do hold learned behaviours, which they obtained during the dependence period. Social mammals, nevertheless, have the exact criterions of erudite behaviours. Culture is, hence, the composite that allows worlds to keep societal world over the long-run. This is non specific to worlds, nevertheless, because all societal mammals trade with the issues of communal life. During babyhood, the kid observes the universe around him/her and internalizes the behaviours of grownups. Children in societal groups so play together, because drama is the pattern of grownup behaviours. Human civilization, in the words of Ralph Holloway, is defined as the â€Å" infliction of arbitrary signifier on the environment. † Rock tools, for illustration, are iconic, because they are of arbitrary form. The mental ability to enforce this form on the environment is a consequence of the development of the intellectual cerebral mantle. Such neurological alterations would non hold been possible without alterations in the mammalian reproductive system. Mentions: Goodenough, Ward H. â€Å" Culture. † Blackboard. Web. Holloway, Ralph L. â€Å" Human palaeontological grounds relevant to linguistic communication behaviour. † Blackboard. Web. Jerison, Henry J. â€Å" Paleoneurology and the Evolution of Mind. † Blackboard. Web. Mann, Alan. â€Å" The Brain, Power Point Presentations 1 and 2. † Lecture. How to cite Paleoneurology and the evolution of mind, Essay examples

Women in Contemporary Society an Example by

Women in Contemporary Society In the contemporary society women are placing a lot of emphasis on their wedding ceremony instead of their marriage which is seen to bring out problems after the wedding ceremony. This has led to more weddings with few lasting marriages since the women spend most of their time in arranging for and organizing for their wedding ceremonies. There are reality shows like The Bachelor and The Bachelorette in which winning a great wedding party seems to be the motivating factor instead of having a wonderful and lasting marriage. Need essay sample on "Women in Contemporary Society" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Marriages are seen to break even before the wedding sensation is over. In Style s March 2001 issue a celebrity actor Thorne-Smith is featured in her wedding dress on its cover and even before the issue is out, the actor is already in the process of divorcing. This shows that women are only interested on fancy weddings and not the main reason behind the wedding which is marriage. Relationships are also seen to be true only when there will be a wedding ceremony. This is because women concentrate less on the development of a strong relationship since it can only be true if there is a wedding ceremony leading to even more divorce cases soon after the weddings. Women are concerned in expensive weddings and they assume that the more expensive a wedding is the more likely the marriage will last and this is not entirely true. Women are also seen to be given a chance in decision making and this is evident from the arrangements that the women engage in for their wedding ceremonies. There are even magazines and TV shows to assist the women in making the decisions about their wedding parties from the dresses to the wedding cake. This shows that women are good and keen on minor details that affect the outcome of their wedding party as almost every woman seems to plan for a celebrity wedding regardless of their financial status. Works Cited Style. March 2001. Verta Taylor, Nancy Whittier , Leila Rupp. Feminist Frontiers. McGraw-Hill Humanities, 2008.

Benefits and Application of Database Packages

Benefits and Application of Database Packages Introduction The aim of this paper is to reflect on the benefits of Database processes in business operations. Actually, database refers to data collection that is prepared and arranged in computer systems in order to choose quickly preferred items. The effective use of database is enhanced by the manner in which information is organized orderly in ascending documentation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Benefits and Application of Database Packages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, manual recording has been faced with many shortcomings, for example it is complicated process thus ineffective. This paper also examines how database packages can be applied in business processes. Surely, database systems are invented to enable businessmen to manage and restore information (data collection) in an ordered way. Importance of Database in Firms’ Business Operations Database process is beneficial to busi nessmen when it comes to processing, collecting and storing information (Solove, 2001). For example, business operation will be more effective when businessmen know their suppliers, competitors and consumers. According to Mukherjee Duncan (2000), several business lack resources to process and collect huge amount of information. â€Å"This means that they do not have vital information on whether consumers buy goods repeatedly, how progress is their business and how profitable are they† (Mukherjee Duncan, 2000). Such important information is beneficial in shaping business strategy and handling operational business challenges. Businessmen should gather much information from database which are beneficial in future operation of their businesses. Solove (2001) claimed: Database operation is important because it minimizes resources and time utilized in managing data; it enables businessmen a capability to evaluate data in many ways; it is an effective system of management of data; it transforms disparate idea to be useful information; and promotes quality of information (p.24). Database Application According to (Mukherjee Duncan, 2000), several business operations like insurance, banking, publishing and manufacturing commercial businesses need to use database systems because of their business demands. Indeed, there are two database systems, relational (structured) and single (flat) file databases (Solove, 2001). Moreover, Mukherjee Duncan (2000) explained:Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Database system that a businessman may need depends on: amount of data that requires to be processed and stored; whether more than single individual are required to amend and access data; and data complexity in terms of sound, plain text and image files (p.32). When a business operation is not complex, for example managing one hundred consumers, a businessman may use effectively database package like spreadsheet. On the other hand, Solove (2001) viewed that a complicated business operation may require sophisticated packages like Sybase, Microsoft Access, Oracle, Informix and Filmmaker Pro. Such are particularly made to sort huge quantity of data, for example, enabling businessmen to handle payments processes, clients’ names and products ordered (Mukherjee Duncan, 2000). Database is important particularly to businesses which require huge quantity of information. Furthermore, â€Å"database process is a tool which is beneficial to build effective applications like inventory and sale ordering management in business operation† (Solove, 2001). In fact, â€Å"database devices make effective management and maintenance of data structured files. Such tools have strict parameters in order to instill accuracy and integrity in its task† (Mukherjee Duncan, 2000). For instance, any alteration that happens in the da ta will never be affected or corrupted whenever the process fails. Moreover, database enhances efficiency because it enables many users to utilize the data simultaneously (Solove, 2001). Database is most important when business application is shaped to meet the needs of businessmen. Indeed, specifying business need is special involvement that calls for a professional developer (Mukherjee Duncan, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Benefits and Application of Database Packages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Solove (2001), the modern database process utilizes SQL processing (Structured Query Language) that enables evaluation of data and thus reports are built in various ways. Such reports created are beneficial in coordinating business processes while promoting customers’ demands. Conclusion The use, collection, and processing of information is important in business operation. For ex ample, many business processes may be effectively managed when the information is stored accurate and updated. Any application which may make work engaged more effective and easier should be embraced without doubt. Database has significant role in Information Technology because its capability to process structured information is what drives business efficiency. References Mukherjee, S., and Duncan, G. (2000). Optimal Disclosure Limitation Strategy in Statistical Databases: Deterring Tracker Attacks through Addictive Noise. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 95, 4-8. Solove, D. (2001). Privacy and power: Computer Databases and Metaphors for Information Privacy. Stanford Law Review, 53, 35-40.

Books and Blogs About Cultural Appropriation

Books and Blogs About Cultural Appropriation Cultural appropriation is a complicated topic. Although the issue often appears in news headlines when clothing chains such as Urban Outfitters or singers such as Miley Cyrus and Katy Perry face accusations of cultural appropriation, the concept remains difficult for many people to grasp. The most simple definition of cultural appropriation is that it occurs when members of a dominant culture borrow from the cultures of minority groups without their input. Typically those doing the â€Å"borrowing,† or exploiting, lack a contextual understanding of what makes the cultural symbols, art forms and modes of expression significant. Despite their ignorance of the ethnic groups from which they borrow, members of the majority culture have frequently profited from cultural exploitation. Given that cultural appropriation is such a multi-layered issue, a number of books have been written about the trend. Members of marginalized groups have also launched websites specifically devoted to educating the public about cultural appropriation. This overview highlights noteworthy literature and websites about this persistent phenomenon. Cultural Appropriation And The Arts This book by James O. Young uses philosophy as the foundation to examine the â€Å"moral and aesthetic issues to which cultural appropriation gives rise.† Young highlights how white musicians such as Bix Beiderbeck to Eric Clapton have gained from appropriating African-American musical styles. Young also addresses the consequences of cultural appropriation and whether the trend is morally objectionable. Moreover, can appropriation lead to artistic successes? With Conrad G. Brunk, Young also edited a book called the Ethics of Cultural Appropriation. In addition to exploring cultural appropriation in the arts, the book focuses on the practice in archaeology, museums and religion. Who Owns Culture? - Appropriation and Authenticity in American Law Fordham University Law Professor Susan Scafidi asks who owns artforms such as rap music, global fashion and geisha culture, to name a few. Scafidi points out that members of culturally exploited groups typically have little legal recourse when others use their traditional dress, music forms and other practices as inspiration. The book is billed as the first to investigate why the United States offers legal protections for works of literature but not for folklore. Scafidi asks larger questions as well. Specifically, what does cultural appropriation reveal about American culture overall. Is it as innovative as widely thought or the byproduct of â€Å"cultural kleptomania?† Borrowed Power: Essays on Cultural Appropriation This collection of essays edited by Bruce Ziff focuses specifically on Western appropriation of Native American cultures. The book explores the artifacts, symbols and concepts typically targeted for appropriation. A range of people contributed to the book, including Joane Cardinal-Schubert, Lenore Keeshig-Tobias, J. Jorge Klor de Alva, Hartman H. Lomawaima and Lynn S. Teague. Native Appropriations This long-running blog examines representations of Native Americans in popular culture through a critical lens. Adrienne Keene, who is of Cherokee descent, runs the blog. She is pursuing a doctorate in Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education and uses the Native Appropriations blog to examine images of Native Americans in film, fashion, sports and more. Keene also offers tips to the public on combating cultural appropriation of Native peoples and discussing the issue with the person who insists on dressing up as a Native American for Halloween or supporting the use of Native Americans as mascots. Beyond Buckskin The Beyond Buckskin website not only addresses the appropriation of Native American fashion but also features a boutique with jewelry, accessories, clothing and more crafted by Native American designers. â€Å"Inspired by relevant historical and contemporary Native American clothing design and art, Beyond Buckskin promotes cultural appreciation, social relationships, authenticity and creativity,† according to the website. Jessica Metcalfe (Turtle Mountain Chippewa) maintains the website. She has a doctorate in American Indian Studies from the University of Arizona.

Blue Ocean Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Blue Ocean Strategy - Essay Example The overall concept of Blue Ocean Strategy is innovation. It is understood from the book that companies should identify, plan a strategy and create a business of which no competition exists. Kim and Renee (2005)2 divide the competitive business world into two segments of Red Ocean and Blue Ocean. It is further explained that 'Red Ocean' is the business world full of competition where the existing organizations compete with each other to acquire its share in the market whereas 'Blue Ocean' is the unidentified market area. The Blue Ocean is the space wherein the business is new in the market and has no threat of competition instead it has to create competition. The giants of particular commodity or product or services, who are termed as leader, find it difficult to survive in the competitive world of business without marketing. American Marketing Association has defined marketing as the performance of the business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user. Marketing assists in identifying specific markets for products and services, guiding the development of products, packages, and services, etc. (Kumar)3 In blue ocean strategy this concept has a new meaning and a new method to implement in the firms. Blue ocean marketing concept proposes a method based on the segmented target group and the product development and marketing is based on the conduct of this group. The concept is good but cannot be fitted with all firms and their marketing procedures as it lack competition, which is vital in the marketing concept. (Kim and Renee, 2005)4 Marketing Strategy David (2007)5 states that creating a marketing strategy is only the first step towards the attainment of goal and after the strategy has been built; its solidarity has to be maintained to attract external stakeholders. He criticizes the marketing directors who are using B2B model while the others in the market have adopted real and valuable marketing strategies. The first principle of blue ocean strategy is to reconstruct market boundaries to create blue oceans so that it doesn't face any level of competitions and existence of competitors is zero. In order to create Blue Ocean, it becomes necessary to identify the threats and difficulties that make Red Ocean such a difficult world to live in. The red ocean companies are trapped in this area due to following reasons, 1) they define their industry similar to which exists in the market and try to provide the best other than others, 2) they try to and follow the strategic accepted methods, models, principles of developed and successful companies and strive to stand out in their strategic group, 3) as they produce similar products and provide service similar to that of the other industry, they focus the same consumer, which further makes the competition stiff and harder, 4) they define the scope of products and services similarly, 5) they accept the rules and regulations of the specific industry as they are governed by the governing body and functions accordingly and 6) some seasonal products produced by the companies will face stiff competition from its rivals as all the companies will

Auditing Process and Procedures for Smackey's Dog Food Inc Term Paper

Auditing Process and Procedures for Smackey's Dog Food Inc - Term Paper Example SEC influence over the Smackey Dogs food Inc. relate to issues of independence roles for the audit team. The audit standards is one of the influences to be observed, that have to be followed in establishing the independence of auditing team involved in the audit of Smackey. The relationship between the owner’s (Kim) husband and the audit manager Pete is going to influence the disclosure and materiality of the audit contents. The fact that there is a relationship between the bank the loan is being sort and Alan, Kim’s Husband depicts a loan relationship. SEC requires ethical principles to be observed by auditors. Independence is one of the six ethical principles of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Code of Professional Conduct. The other principles are responsibilities, the public interest, integrity, objectivity and independence, due care, and scope and nature of services. Section 303 of the SEC prohibits officers or directors of a company f rom manipulating, misleading, coercing or acting fraudulently towards the audit team in a manner to influence the auditor to issues financial information, knowingly or not, that the act could lead to rendering the audit immaterial. In this case, Alan obtains information from the audit manager during beers that will be shared with Kim, the owner and further Sarah who is seeking the loan. This is an issue that ought to be addressed as the result will be an adverse opinion. The underlying issues of Ben’s relationship with the bookkeeper Anita could be controversial in the resulting audit opinion. SEC elaborates on quality of disclosure and evidence. There is no proof of how far the relationship went but the reliance on the word of mouth. Mutuality of interests is identified in this case between the two parties. This is likely to jeopardize the independence of the audit staff. Over auditing of a company’s financial reports only materializes to full disclosure. However, the audit process should be within the required set guidelines given by SEC. Question two In the initial planning of the audit, the activities to be included are: an understanding of the company in terms of description and history of the company, tax issues disclosure, types of the customers, the internal audits, timing of the audit process amongst others. An assessment of the client’s business risk will be done to see whether it is achieving its objectives. The audit team should assess the risk of material misstatements arising from Smackey’s business risk. This is seen in the high wastage in Smackey’s Best Dog division that presents a lot of business risk, and therefore material misstatement risk. Performance of preliminary analytical procedures. – A comparison will be made to that of the industry. This helps in identifying the areas of high risk of materiality. Set materiality and assess acceptable audit risk and inherent risk- precise and reliable judgme nt is going to be applied by the auditor in assessing the materiality levels. Question three Stages of an audit Planning – the auditor outlines all the activities that he will follow during the entire process. The auditor should lay down his plan for the vital internal controls to be assessed. In the case of Smackey, the team should focus on: sales forecast, receivables approval and authority followed, stock taking, fraudulent dealings in the company, debts approval etc. Test of Internal control – this process follows a critical analysis internal controls of the records, procedures and processes followed in the company. The auditor should analyze the sales forecast process, be present during the stock take, and consider evaluating the control checks for stores. The weakness in the stock control is seen where the employee is stealing from the company, assessing the debts and the pending legal suits. The effects of the customers’

Strategic analysis of global operations of supply chains

Strategic analysis of global operations of supply chains The main objective of this study is to do a strategic analysis of the global operations of supply chain within Mattel Toys Inc. Here its supply chain will be evaluated along with the risks/ security threats it faced and a framework will be presented to manage these risks. With growing product/service complexity, supply networks are also becoming increasingly complex in the wake of outsourcing and globalization. This has affected risk, changing it continuously. Risk can generally be termed as a probability of injury, hazard, damage or any other unwanted outcomes. The Royal Society (1992) defined a more systematic explanation of risk: the probability that a particular adverse event occurs during a stated period of time, or results from a particular challenge. In this study, we will suggest a framework for future supply chain risk management in the view of Mattels recall in 2007. This recall left a trail of media reports, public critique, investigations and huge lessons learnt. Mattel Toys Inc. is a global leader in the design, manufacture and marketing of toys and family products. It comprises of top-selling brands such as Barbie, Fisher-Price brands etc. Mattel is recognized as the 100 Most Trustworthy U.S. Companies by Forbes Magazine. (Source: Wikipedia) In 2007, it experienced a sequence of continuous alarming product recalls in which around twenty one million toys were pulled out from sale. Whether the toys were defective in design to lose small magnets, which if consumed could harm kids, or they were toys contaminated with lead paint coming from unethical Chinese vendors was irrelevant as the case was subjected to high media critique and got highlighted for quality mismanagement and varied logistic practices in outsourced vendors. (Biggemann 2008) The table (figure 1) below shows the toys recalled from Mattels respective vendors and their sub-vendors: Industry experts suggest that Mattel is locked in a relationship with China having five factories and manufacturing there for nearly 25 years. It outsources its production up to 50 percent to third-party manufacturers and almost 65 percent of its toys are produced in China. In spite of quality control efforts, Mattel has had 36 recalls since 1998 and two formal Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) admonishments. Its most controversial recall, up until 2007, involved 10 million Power Wheels toy vehicles. (Biggemann 2008) Below is a timeline depicting the key events that took place during the course of this recall, Figure 2: Mattels product recall timeline The result of this recall was catastrophic for Mattel and it lost more than 45% of shares in market value. Although sales at international markets helped it gain some profit for that interval (Casey, 2008), yet these had very little impact on their annual figures as compared to its loss. The question now raised was How did Mattel end up in such a tricky situation? Is it a case of heavy neglect or something worse? It is argued that this was the result of Mattels flawed sourcing strategy. Literature Review Toy industry is one of the oldest industries for creativity and extremely volatile in nature. In the United States alone there are approximately 3 billion toys sold per year (Elsasser 2007). Toy sales estimate are nearly 22 billion USD (Strickler 2007). Figure 3 estimates the annual toy sales from July 06 June 07 which marked a rise up to 22.5 billion USD. Figure 3: State of Toy Industry Erratic and changing demands in this industry create a layer of volatility due to undersized and customized selling-openings and rapid product lifecycles. Toy demand and toy retailers needs are very volatile and expect toy manufactures to be very market responsive; but most toy manufacturers respond with conventional mass-production strategy which is very minimal in response and very mismatched to their strategy. Supply networks of such industries are growing into complex and dynamic mesh of varying relationships (Harland et al., 1999). Risk is escalating and its focal point is ever changing within the dynamism of supply networks all due to outsourcing of supply operations overseas and also due to growing complexity of product/service life-cycle. Of late research has explored strategies to minimize risk in toy supply chains and networks. One of the main assets of toy manufacturers is their network position and the relationships and policies that come with these (Turnbull et al., 1996). To asses and manage risks, network positioning plays an important role especially in resource sharing, reputation management and terms of contract (Henders, 1992). To begin the research, a literature search was undertaken with the intention of locating articles related to supply chain security and risk. The search included all journals known to publish articles related to security, risk, and/or supply chain management. Examination of the literature reveals four core premises that are consistently mentioned as vital for firms seeking to maintain effective levels of security and in minimizing and/or managing supply chain risk. (1) Preparation and planning initiatives. A central focus of the supply chain security/risk literature is business and supply chain continuity planning. Zsidisin et al. (2005a) offer a four-step business continuity plan, including awareness creation, prevention, remediation, and knowledge management, thought to be salient for firms needing to protect themselves and their supply chains from external risks. The business continuity planning concept is conceptually aligned with the supply chain risk paradigm, i.e. supply continuity planning by Zsidisin et al. (2005b), who suggest that controlling risks at the supplier level is critical for firms wishing to avoid disruptions in supply lines. (2) Security-related partnerships. Another theme found in the security literature addresses the formation and maintenance of security-related supply chain partnerships. Sheffi (2001) posits that leveraging relationships with suppliers and governmental agencies is necessary to ensure against asset and product damage and thereby facilitate supply chain continuity. He proposes that supplier relationships should be built both locally and globally, with higher tolerance for cost and lead-time requirements, in order to diversify supply risk. (3) Organizational adaptation. An additional emergent research focus deals with organizational adaptability as a coping response to potential or realized supply chain risks and crises. The literature broadly suggests that supply chain security-oriented firms take adaptive steps toward both securing supply chain assets and minimizing risk exposure. (4) Security-dedicated communications and technology. A final characteristic at the firm level is the implementation and usage of security/ risk-dedicated communications channels and/or security-facilitating or risk minimizing technology. Zsidisin et al. (2005a, b) state that the ability of the firm to manage information and knowledge, and to build continuously on the knowledge base, are imperative conditions for mitigating supply chain risk. In case of Mattel Toys Inc, risk came from the fact that about half of its toys are made in Mattel plants and about half are outsourced to vendor plants. Some of the problems came in when these vendor plants also outsourced to other vendor plants and again these other vendor plants outsourced, thus, making the supply chain very long or deep. The longer the supply chain, the harder it is for the foreign firms to keep track of who did what, when and the final quality of the parts or product (Lyles, 2008). The next section provides a security framework to deal with the past and unforeseen future risks in the complex supply network of Mattel Toys. They are suggested guidelines for identifying, assessing and managing risk. Theoretical Framework This section of the essay contains the overarching methodology for dealing with Mattels situation. For this purpose, the Supply Network Risk Tool put forward by Harland et al., 2002 has been used. A diagram illustrating the entire methodology has been given below. This is followed by a justification for selection, and identification of shortcomings. (Fig4. Supply Network Risk Tool, Source: Harland et al., 2002) Justification of the Theoretical Framework The framework is built on earlier research and consists of individual frameworks for each section, thus evaluating the problem in detail. It provides a holistic view to assess the situation/incident and follows a definite sequence for mapping and implementing risk strategy. For disruption like that of Mattels recall in 2007 it provides a resilient approach for managing the risks involved in an efficient manner. Testing/ Expansion of the theoretical Framework The Supply network risk framework consists of six sections which evaluate the overall situation of the organization in a comprehensive manner, and suggests solution accordingly. During the course of this expansion, Mattels situation is analyzed and simultaneously the framework is examined and later critiqued. Part 1- Map Supply Network: The diagram provided below is a snapshot of Mattels supply chain from beginning to end that existed before the recall in 2007. (Fig5. Mattels Global Supply Chain, Source: Barad, 2002) Identifying Risks Risks (table 1) within Mattels complex supply network have been identified. Strategic risk (Simons 1999) Definition: Affects business strategy implementation For Mattel: New technologies can render their products obsolete Sudden shifts in customer tastes kids are getting older younger (KGOY) toy retailers are consolidating retail price is falling Supply risk (Meulbrook 2000) Definition: Adversely affects inward flow of any type of resource to enable operations to take place; also termed input risk For Mattel: increasing customization outsourcing of operations disruption to the supplier quality problems, materials and parts shortages etc bankruptcy of supplier Customer risk (Meulbrook 2000) Definition: Affects likelihood of customers placing orders; grouped with factors such as product obsolescence in product/market risk For Mattel: Shift in customer buying pattern Shift in customer preferences More competitive products during demand Operations risk (Meulbrook 2000) Definition: Affects a firms internal ability to produce and supply goods/services For Mattel: Failed/ out-dated technology Labour strike Disasters and Natural Calamities Reputation risk (Schwartz and Gibb 1999) Definition: Erodes value of whole business due to loss of confidence. For Mattel: Recall history Financial risk (Meulbrook 2000) Definition: Exposes a firm to potential loss through changes in financial markets; can also occur when specific debtors default For Mattel: Drop in market share Devaluation of company share price Fall in credit rating Legal Regulatory risk (Meulbrook 2000) Regulatory definition: Exposes the firm with changes in regulations affecting the firms business Legal definition: Exposes the firm to litigation with action arising from customers, suppliers, shareholders or employees For Mattel: Changes in regulation and government policies Lawsuits Supplier country legalities Then these have been categorized into various types which have been used as a guideline to examine the risk (table 2) and consequences faced during their great product recall in 2007. Type of Risk Identified Risks Consequences Causes Supply Risk Quality related: Lead Paint Contamination Loosely fitted components Supplier related: Fraud Contract Default Recall of products and associated costs Lawsuits Re-evaluation of suppliers Suppliers pulled out of market Increased retailer control Defective raw materials moving downstream Trust deterioration Deviation from quality standards Outsourcing of quality control Low transparency in Contract Terms Poor tractability of source of supplier Falsification of documents by suppliers Use of uncertified led paint Deviation from quality standards Improper sub-vendor tracking Falsification of documents by suppliers Improper regulation Operations Risk Design related: Unfeasible magnet design Recall of products and associated costs Costs of redesign and RD Failed testing both in design and production stage Flawed RD Customer Reputation Risk Market related: Brand Image Loss in sales Loss in customer loyalty Uncertainty Bad consumer experience and accidents Health hazards Falling consumer confidence Decreased Brand Loyalty Adverse impact on other products Loss in revenue Increased uncertainty in buyers Harmful products Betrayal of customer trust Delicate target market Legal Regulatory Risk Policy lawsuit related: Legislative Regulatory Lawsuits Fine by CPSC Led to new and tighter regulations Did not track their own standards Political influence by stakeholders Financial Risk Economic related: Drop in share price Drop in sales Drop in sales and revenue Implementation of 3-fold plan by Mattel Retail pullout Recall of products Media critique and bad publicity Customer fallout Strategy Risk Outsourcing related: Vendor subcontracting Sub-vendor quality control Drop in product standard Harmed consumer base Affected brand name Dropped market share Vendor subcontracting and then sub-vendor again subcontracting Flawed track of sub-vendor and sub-sub-vendor activities Assessing Risk In this section a probability-impact matrix has been created to assess the impact of risk (mentioned in figure 3) on the supply network of Mattel Toys based on its probability of occurrence. High 2,3,5,6,7,8,11,12, 13, 18-23* Impact *Refer Appendix ab for description of number 1,4,10,14,15* Probability Low High The matrix clearly shows that most of the major risks associated with its supply network lies in High Impact Low Probability and High Impact High Probability region. This matrix has been used as a reference to create another matrix (below) for a specific risk that Mattel suffered i.e., the great recall of 2007. High Fraud, Contract Default, Quality- Lead contamination, Design- Magnet component, Impact *Refer Appendix ab for description of number Brand Image, Loss in sale, Loss in customer loyalty, Legal Regulatory, Drop in share price Low Probability High During this period, all risks had very high impact on Mattels supply network and caused setbacks and disruption which were hard to recover from. Managing Risk There are a few ways in which Mattel can increase their capabilities of supply chain risk management; Visibility   In order to properly assess supply chain risk and respond to events, visibility across the supply chain is required. This means that the supply chain risk management tool must be capable of integrating with, and modeling ERP analytics from, multiple disparate ERP systems, including systems supporting the supply and distribution nodes. Event detection and alerting   The sooner a supply chain disruption is recognized, the faster the response. An alert that shows up in e-mail or a portable e-mail device will ensure that the appropriate people are made aware of the event when it happens. Too many times, event detection is based on the event itself. To be truly valuable, alert should be triggered based on the anticipated impact of the event. For example, if a supplier goes out of business, but the loss of this supplier doesnt impact key metrics, an alert may not be necessary. Analytics   The full suite of supply chain analytics needs to be modeled in the supply chain risk management tool to ensure the impact of a potential supply chain event is understood. When an event happens, analytics are used to model the event and determine the impact. Above all, these analytics need to be performed in real time, especially when responding to an unanticipated supply chain disruption. When an event happens, every second counts and a company cant wait days or weeks to understand the impact or to determine resolution alternatives. Simulation   Simulation is critical to both sides of supply chain risk management. When assessing the risks, simulation helps to model different risk scenarios. Further, simulation is used to model alternative mitigation strategies to ensure that they are sound. When responding to an unanticipated supply chain event, simulation is used to model and compare the various response alternatives. Collaboration   The risk management team will need to evaluate several possible mitigation alternatives. Members of the team will likely not have the detailed knowledge necessary to explore all alternatives in the detail needed to develop a robust mitigation strategy. The ability to bring other people into the evaluation process is critical both to validate the proposed strategy and to propose key improvements to the strategy. Similarly when responding to an unanticipated supply chain event, collaborating with those with the detailed knowledge ensures that the response alternatives are reasonable. Scenario comparison   in the process of developing mitigation strategies or responses, the team may develop multiple approaches that potentially resolve the problem, but in differing ways. The team needs to make a decision on which resolution or mitigation alternative best meets the goals of the organization. One approach may extend lead times by 30 days, while the other may increase the cost of goods sold by 10%. The decision on which approach is best needs to be evaluated in light of corporate goals. Form collaborative supply network risk strategy To be successful in todays aggressive toy market, retailers and manufacturers should drive lean and closely controlled supply chains. As the rate of promotional marketing and innovative product launch continues to grow, companies are mostly caught between dynamic customer demands and comparatively fixed manufacturing and logistics parameters and limitations. Collaborative planning helps in dealing with supply chain issues. To improve supply chain responsiveness in Mattel, it requires shared visibility with suppliers and retailers into events happening now and in the future, while working jointly to resolve issues and problems surrounding delivery constraints. Implementation To keep up with dynamism of market demand and unseen risks, Mattel needs to implement its strategies for risk management in clear structured, and/or procedural way. According to Freedman (2003), strategy implementation should encompass order, commitment, ingenuity, management control and advanced execution skills. In Mattel, the Corporate Responsibility division should use this as a guideline for their advisory and research. Freedman (2003) also observed that moderating complexity is one of the core steps in strategy implementation. This is in regard to Mattels supply chain network which was complex and vendor mismanagement lead to one of their biggest recalls. It is recommended for Mattel, to train and educated their workforce to handle unanticipated risks in supply networks (Harland et al, 2002). Their workforce needs to be made more aware of the total inherent risks faced after the great recall and learn to identify such risks in early stages. They need to focus on current practices of risk management and evaluate if these are apt after the recall. Mattel needs to handle complexities within their supply chain network by increasing visibility in it. This can be achieved by examining risk at the level of the network rather than restricted view to just immediate vendors (Harland et al, 2002).. They need to increase access to and control of sub-vendors throughout the supply network. This in turn will help them to expose risks throughout their supply chain. Also they need to develop/upgrade their existing supply network risk strategy and bring it in-line with their organizational practices and the framework suggested here. The key to successful risk management implementation is by identifying two situations to respond to supply chain events (Source: Kinaxis); An unanticipated supply disruption1 And, an anticipated supply disruption by executing a mitigation strategy In both cases, the main task is to alert on time that an event has occurred. Its difficult to respond to an event if you lack information on it. The supply chain needs to be monitored continuously. The practice of risk management from spotting risks, through choosing suitable risk management strategies, and then altering the structure of the supply chain is an information-demanding procedure (Source: Husdal). This means it is very dependent on information sharing. The key activity then is to identify vital information signalling risk while filtering data. Critique The model is critiqued to identify the shortcoming of the framework: The model is build upon existing model and does not provide any new technique to provide a total security solution . The model is subjective in nature as the author Harland et al, 2002, themselves pointed out that on categorization and identification of risk, the view of assessors assessing may be different. It may not always be possible for organizations to continuously examine risks and have strategic frameworks in position The setting up of collaborative arrangements in supply network and identification of risks and implementation of this in existing system may prove costly As the model is subjective in nature, there might be difference in opinion of the assessors on the rating of particular risk in the organization. Conclusion In the wake of Mattels great recall in 2007, it is seen that their strategy for outsourcing brought about one of their biggest losses and led to brand tarnishing and major fall in their market value. Their response to this crisis was well-handled but this raised questions on how they foresee their risks and avert them? The suggested security framework draws a birds eye view of their supply network and asses risk at every level of their supply chain. It provides 6 key tools to asses risk and some effective steps to implement them. Later this framework is also subjected to self-critique but from a broader picture it can provide some key modification to the shortcomings in Mattels current strategy. Recommendation

Perceptions of African American Women Essay

It was amazing to know that Dr. Mae C. Jemison who happens to be the youngest of three children born to a middle class African American family, Charlie Jemison, a maintenance worker and his wife, Dorothy, a teacher. Dr. Mae C. Jemison was the first black woman astronaut to be in space in an era filled with segregation and racism, she is a Chemical engineer, scientist, physician, teacher and astronaut, she has a wide range of experience in technology, engineering, and medical research. In addition to her extensive background in science, she is well-versed in African and African-American Studies, speaks fluent Russian, Japanese, and Swahili, as well as English and is trained in dance and choreography. Dr. Mae C. Jamison was an inspiration to me, and probably to many African American women. She was full of resilience and determination especially to have reached and achieved success in an unusual field of endeavor for many African American women, I applaud her determination to make a difference among the African American women and blacks in Diaspora. After graduating from Morgan Park High School in 1973 at the age of 16, Dr. Mae Jemison earned a BS in Chemical Engineering from Stanford University, while also fulfilling the requirements for a BA in African-American Studies. After earning these degrees in 1977, she attended Cornell University and received a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1981. During medical school she traveled to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand, providing primary medical care to people living there. This is an indication of her humanitarian efforts and eagerness to reach out to the less privileged population. Having a desire to do more with her life, she enrolled in graduate classes in engineering and applied to NASA for admission to the astronaut program. She was turned down on her first application, maybe because she is a black woman, but she persevered and in 1987 was accepted on her second application. She became one of the fifteen candidates accepted from over 2,000 applicants. When Dr. Mae Jemison successfully completed her astronaut training program in August 1988, she became the fifth black astronaut and the first black female astronaut in NASA history. In completing her first space flight, Dr. Mae Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space, making her the first African-American woman in space. She says, â€Å"I had to learn very early not to limit myself due to others’ limited imaginations. I have learned these days never to limit anyone else due to my limited imagination. † This is an inspiration to other blacks in general who normally assume a second class citizen and believe that they will never do well or will be appreciated in whatever they do. This is a wake-up call, and manifestation of the saying â€Å"Determination is the mother of invention†. In 1993, Dr. Mae Jemison resigned from NASA and founded the Jemison Group, Inc. to research, develop and implement advanced technologies suited to the social, political, cultural and economic context of the individual, especially for the developing world. Current projects include: Alpha, (TM) a satellite based telecommunication system to improve health care in West Africa; and The Earth We Share, (TM) an international science camp for students ages 12 to 16, that utilizes an experiential curriculum. Among her current projects are several that focus on improving healthcare in Africa. She is also a professor of environmental studies at Dartmouth College. Dr. Mae Jamison made a name for herself and name for blacks in general; Her entrepreneurial spirit put her in the limelight and acts as a boost to determined black men and women in Diaspora. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf. It was quite surprising to read about Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, I know almost nothing about this â€Å"giant and queen of modern Africa† who is presently the current president of Liberia. According to what I have read so far about this â€Å"queen of Africa† she was born In Monrovia, the capital of Liberia on October 29, 1938. During this period, Liberians had no clue that the First female president of an African country had been born into their mist. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is a daughter to descendents of original colonists of Liberia (ex-African slaves from America, who promptly on arrival set about enslaving the indigenous people using the social system of their old American masters as a basis for their new society). These descendents are known in Liberia as Americo-Liberians. From what I read, I noticed that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was truly an intellectual power house, a charismatic leader and destined to make a change in Liberia and contribute her quota in Africa. From 1948 to 1955 Ellen Johnson studied accounts and economics at the College of West Africa in Monrovia. After marriage at the age of 17 to James Sirleaf, she travelled to America (in 1961) and continued her studies, achieving a degree from the University of Colorado. From 1969 to 1971 she read economics at Harvard, gaining a masters degree in public administration. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf then returned to Liberia and began working in William Tolbert’s (True Whig Party) government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf also served as Minister of Finance from 1972 to 73, but left after a disagreement over public spending, this is an indication of her prudence and will power. As the 70s progressed, life under Liberia’s one-party state became more polarized to the benefit of the Americo-Liberian elite. On 12 April 1980 Master Sergeant Samuel Kayon Doe, a member of the indigenous Krahn ethnic group, seized power in a military coup. With the People’s Redemption Council now in power, Samuel Doe began a purge of government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf narrowly escaped – choosing exile in Kenya. From 1983 to 1985 she served as Director of Citibank in Nairobi. I will say that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf had a lot of courage, because it was quite unusual for a woman to challenge a dictatorial incumbent president in Africa without being kidnapped, tortured or killed in the process, although She was later sentenced to ten years in prison. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf spent just a short time incarcerated, before being allowed to leave the country once again as an exile. During the 1980s she served as Vice President of both the African Regional Office of Citibank, in Nairobi, and of (HSCB) Equator Bank, in Washington. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf played an active role in the transitional government as the country prepared for the 2005 elections, and eventually stood for president against her rival the ex-international footballer, George Manneh Weah. Despite the elections being called fair and orderly, Weah repudiated the result, which gave a majority to Johnson-Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf eventually became Liberia’s first elected female president, as well as the first elected female president in the continent Africa. . In 2005 She established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission with a mandate to â€Å"promote national peace, security, unity and reconciliation† by investigating more than 20 years of civil conflict in the country and in November 2007, she received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, the U.

Christian History And The Holy Spirit Essay - 1496 Words

Christian history is active and alive as the Holy Spirit works in and amongst the community of Christians who comprise the Church. Similar to the recording of history in the first century by Luke in the Acts of the Apostles, Christian history is still being written today. Specifically, as Evangelical Christians, we write the story of history each day as we work to fulfill the Great Commission (Matthew 28:16-20) through application of the Great Commandment (Matthew 22: 37-40). As such, we soon realize that we are not casual observers or bystanders of history, but actual participants. In other words, we have a responsibility to both understand and interpret the past and then apply the faith we hold amongst the generation and peoples of the here and now. As we obediently apply God’s word to, â€Å"go therefore and make disciples of all nations† and to â€Å"love God and to love your neighbor as yourself,† we should awaken to the key terms of â€Å"all nations† and â€Å"your neighbor.† It is with this realization that our neighbors, in the communities in which we live, literally represent the nations of the world. In other words, in the modern world in which we live, changes in demographics, world events, and movements of people have literally brought the nations of the world to our front door. As such, we have a great opportunity to open these doors, which turn opens the door to the gospel to the nations of the world. Washington State in general and the South Puget Sound Region in particular areShow MoreRelatedUnusual Phenomena That Took Place Under God s Divine Spirit1593 Words   |  7 Pagesunusual phenomena’s that took place under God’s divine spirit. 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